Shirya don ASE A6 Brake Systems rubutaccen da kuma gwaji na aiki ne mai kalubale amma mai ban sha'awa mataki a ci gaba da aikinka a matsayin mai fasaha na mota. Wadannan jarrabawa suna gwada iliminka da basira a cikin ganewa, gyara, da kuma kula da tsarin brake a kan motocin yau. Shirye-shiryen da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don wuce duka sassan kuma samun takardar shaidar ku. Wannan jagorar yana ba da cikakken taswirar hanya don taimaka muku kusanci jarrabawa tare da amincewa, yana rufe komai daga fahimtar tsarin jarrabawa zuwa dabarun yau da kullun, tare da fadada shawara da cikakken fahimtar fasaha.

Fahimtar Tsarin Bincike

Gwajin ASE A6 Brake Systems ya ƙunshi sassa biyu daban-daban: gwajin rubutu da gwajin aiki. Gwajin rubutu ya ƙunshi tambayoyi 40 zuwa 50 na zaɓi da yawa waɗanda ke tantance ilimin ka na ka'idar abubuwan haɗin tsarin brake, bincike, da hanyoyin gyara. Kuna da awanni 1.5 don kammala shi. Gwajin aiki (yawanci ɓangare na taron gwajin ASE) yana kimanta ƙwarewar ka a cikin gano matsalolin brake, yin gyare-gyare, da kuma tabbatar da cewa an cika ƙa'idodin aminci. Yi tsammanin yin aiki a kan motar gaske ko samfurin a cikin yanayi mai lokaci tare da ayyuka kamar auna ratar rotor runout, brakes na jini, ko fassarar lambobin matsalar ABS.

Sanin rarraba waɗannan abubuwan yana taimaka muku rarraba lokacin karatu yadda yakamata. Binciken da aka rubuta ya ƙunshi batutuwa kamar tsarin tsarin hydraulic, tsarin aiki na faifai da drum, kayan shafa, ABS da kula da kwanciyar hankali, da kuma hanyoyin bincike. Binciken aikin yana gwada ikon ku na bincika, auna, da gyara tsarin birki cikin aminci da daidaito. Ana ba da maki ga kowane ɓangare daban; dole ne ku wuce duka biyu don karɓar takardar shaidar ASE. Ayyukan aikin suna da iyakance lokaci (misali, minti 3045 a kowace aiki) kuma ana ba da maki akan daidaito, aminci, da kuma kammala.

Hanyoyin Nazarin da Suka Yi Amfani

Don samun nasara, haɓaka tsarin nazarin da ya shafi dukkan mahimman batutuwa. Fara ta hanyar nazarin takamaiman takamaiman gwajin A6 na FLT don fahimtar wuraren abubuwan gwajin da jerin ayyuka. Sannan, raba karatun ku zuwa manufofin mako-mako masu sarrafawa. Misali, sanya Mako 1 zuwa sassan tsarin brake da na'ura mai aiki, Mako 2 zuwa tsarin faifai da drum brake, Mako 3 zuwa ABS, kula da kwanciyar hankali, da bincike, da Mako 4 don yin jarrabawa da kwaikwayon hannu.

Yi amfani da albarkatu da yawa: jagorar binciken ASE na hukuma, darussan kan layi daga masu ba da sabis masu kyau kamar 'Flat & Front End' ko 'Flat: 3' ko 'Flat: 4' AA1Car 'Flat: 5', da kuma yin gwaji. Mai da hankali kan fahimtar ra'ayoyi maimakon haddace amsoshi. Misali, maimakon kawai tuna alamun alamun babban silinda na brake, koya yadda ɓarkewar ciki ke shafar matsin hydraulic da jin ƙwanƙolin ƙafa da yadda ake gwada shi tare da gwajin wanka na ƙafa ko ma'aunin matsin lamba.

Ka ƙirƙiri jadawalin nazari wanda zai ba da lokaci don karantawa, sake duba zane-zane, da kuma yin gwaje-gwaje na aiki. Ka sadaukar da akalla makonni huɗu zuwa shida na nazarin daidaitacce kafin jarrabawa. Yi amfani da maimaitawa ta nisa: sake nazarin batutuwa na baya a kowane mako don ƙarfafa riƙewa na dogon lokaci. Ƙungiyoyin nazari kuma na iya taimakawa, saboda tattauna tsarin brake tare da takwarorinsu sau da yawa yana bayyana ra'ayoyi masu wuya kuma yana sa ka fuskantar hanyoyin bincike daban-daban.

Yin Amfani da Binciken Aiki da Inganci

Gwajin motsa jiki ba wai kawai don haddace amsoshi bane; suna koya muku salon jarrabawa, tsarin tambaya, da matsin lokaci. Fara da tambayoyin da ba a dace ba don haɓaka sanin, sannan ci gaba zuwa zaman zaman. Bincika kowane amsa mara kyau sosaiYawancin albarkatun kan layi suna ba da bayani ga kowane zaɓi, wanda ke zurfafa fahimtar ku. Ka yi niyyar samun ƙimar kashi 80% ko mafi girma a gwajin motsa jiki kafin tsara ainihin jarrabawa.

Batutuwa Masu Muhimmanci da Za Mu Yi Bincike

A ƙasa akwai cikakken rarrabuwa na kowane babban yanki da dole ne ku mallaki, tare da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai na fasaha don tabbatar da kun shirya sosai.

Abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin brake da kuma ayyuka

Sanin gini da aiki na dukkan sassan tsarin brake: babban silinda, mai ƙarfafa brake (taɓawa da haɓaka ruwa), bawul na haɗuwa, layin brake da bututun, masu daidaitawa (mai yawo da gyarawa), silinda na ƙafa, matashin brake da takalma, rotors da drum, da kuma tsarin dakatar da motar. Fahimci yadda kowane ɓangaren ya gaza da alamun da yake haifar da shi. Alal misali, ƙwanƙwasa mai ɗaukar hoto mai ɗaure yana haifar da lalacewar lalacewar kwance da janyewar; bawul ɗin haɗuwa da ya gaza na iya haifar da hasken gargaɗin brake ko rarraba matsin lamba mara kyau. Ga kowane ɓangaren, yi nazarin yanayin rashin daidaito na yau da kullun, ƙa'idodin dubawa, da lokacin maye gurbin.

Ka'idodin Hydraulic da Halayen Ruwa na Brake

Tsarin brake yana dogara ne akan dokar Pascal. Ku fahimci cewa ruwa ba shi da matsi, kuma duk wani karfi da aka yi amfani da shi akan babban silinda yana watsawa daidai ga duk silinda na ƙafa. Yi nazarin nau'ikan ruwan da ke cikin brake (DOT 3, DOT 4, DOT 5, DOT 5.1), wuraren tafasa su, halayen hygroscopic, da kuma jituwa. DOT 3 da DOT 4 suna kan glycol kuma suna sha ruwan zafi a tsawon lokaci, suna rage yawan tafasa su kuma suna fuskantar haɗarin kulle. DOT 5 na silicone ne, ba hygroscopic ba, amma yana iya matsawa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai yawa, kuma bai kamata a gauraye shi da ruwan da ke cikin gashi ba. DOT 5.1 na tushen glycol ne tare da babban yanayin tafasa mai bushe kuma yana dacewa da DOT 3/4. Sanin dalilin da yasa ruwan da ke cikin glycol zai iya haifar da yanayin zafi mai haɗari.

Tsarin Brake na Disc

Babban aikin birki na faifai: mai yawo da daidaitawa, mai ƙarfi da mai iska mai iska, masu nuna alamun lalacewa na pad. Koyi fasahohin auna don kaurin rotor da ɓarkewa, da kuma dalilin da yasa waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai suke da mahimmanci. Misali, rotor wanda ya wuce matsakaicin kauri (sau da yawa an buga shi akan rotor) na iya haifar da tsagewa, yayin da wuce haddi na gefe na iya haifar da bugun ƙafa. Fahimci binciken amo squeal, kuka, da kuma yin magana da kuma matakan gyara kamar yin amfani da pads, amfani da sinadarai masu hana ɓarkewa, ko maye gurbin shims. Hakanan, san yadda ake bincika matattarar birki don daidaita lalacewa da gano alamun gilashi, gurɓatawa, ko delamination.

Tsarin Brake na Drum

Abubuwan da ke cikin takalma na drum: takalma, silinda na ƙafa, matattarar dawowa, riƙewa, masu daidaitawa, da faranti na baya. Ku san yadda tsarin takalma daban-daban (ƙaddamar da ƙuƙwalwar gaba da ƙuƙwalwar gaba) ke shafar ƙarfin juriya. Yi aiki don auna diamita na ciki na drum tare da micrometer ko ƙuƙwalwar drum, kuma lissafa matsakaicin girman da aka yarda (yawanci an buga a kan drum). Ku fahimci yadda daidaitawa mara kyau zai iya haifar da tafiya ta pedal, lalacewa mara daidaito, ko ɓarnawa. Koyi jerin da suka dace don shigar da matattarar bugun drum da mahimmancin amfani da kayan aikin da suka dace (ƙuƙwalwar brake, spring na kayan aikin riƙewa).

ABS da tsarin kula da kwanciyar hankali

Motocin zamani suna da tsarin antilock braking (ABS) da kuma tsarin sarrafa kwanciyar hankali na lantarki (ESC). San manyan abubuwan: firikwensin saurin ƙafafun (sau da yawa magnetic ko Hall sakamako), zoben sautin (ko zoben reluctor), mai sarrafa lantarki na lantarki, na lantarki na lantarki (ECU). Fahimtar ka'idodin ƙa'idodin sarrafa ƙafafun zamewa da yadda ABS ke hana kulle ta hanyar daidaita matsin brake a kowane ƙafa. Koyi lambobin ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun (DTCs) da yadda ake amfani da kayan aikin bincike don karanta su duka na yau da kullun da na masana'anta. Har ila yau, rufe ikon sarrafawa da aikin ESC, da kuma tasirin bambancin girman taya akan aikin tsarin (ƙananan diamita na juyawa na iya haifar da kunnawa ko lambobin ƙarya). San yadda ake kashe tsarin ABS mai haɗari, gami da amfani da kayan aiki don bincika ƙwayoyin cuta yayin sake zagayowar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Yadda Za a Gane Matsaloli a Wuta, Vibration, da kuma Fata

Don ganewar asali na yau da kullun, ware idan ya faru yayin tsayawa, juyawa, ko tuki madaidaiciya. Squeal sau da yawa yana nuna rawar jiki mai yawa tsakanin pad da rotor; kuka na iya haifar da lalacewar ko gogewa; clunk na iya nuna sassa masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Vibration (pulsation) yawanci yana nuna gudu na gefe ko canjin kauri a cikin masu juyawa. Yi amfani da mai nuna alama don auna gudu da micrometer don bincika canjin kauri. Matsalar pedal soft, spongy, wuya, ko lowpoint zuwa matsalolin kamar iska a cikin tsarin (spongy), ruwa leakage (low pedal), gazawar mai ƙarfafawa (hard pedal), ko babban ƙetare (sinking pedal). Create a hankali flowchart ga kowane silinda, danganta da gwaje-gwaje na musamman. Alal misali, a karkashin ƙafafun da ke ciki, akwai yiwuwar rashin ƙarfi na waje soft, mai yiwuwa ko rashin ƙarfi idan akwai rashin ƙarfi na ciki; idan akwai jinkirin ciki, akwai yiwuwar rashin ƙarfi na waje; idan akwai rashin ƙarfi na ciki;

Tsarin Gyara Brake da kuma Tsaron Tsaro

San yadda za a yi aiki daidai don gyara daban-daban: maye gurbin pad / rotor, ƙona layin birki (ƙonewa ɗaya da biyu), sake gina ƙugiya, zubar da jini (hanyar hannu, matsa lamba, injin, da kuma kayan aikin bincike), da daidaitawa da birki na ajiye motoci. Tsaro yana da mahimmanci: koyaushe ka sauƙaƙe matsin lamba kafin ka buɗe tsarin hydraulic ta hanyar tura ƙwanƙolin birki sau 2030 tare da kashe injin ko amfani da mai zubar da jini. Yi amfani da matattarar jack da aka ƙayyade don nauyin motar. Kada ka sake amfani da ruwan birki wanda ya ɓace; zai iya zama gurɓata. Hakanan ka fahimci yadda za a kawar da ruwan birki (duba ƙa'idodin gida) da kuma sarrafa lathes na birki (yi amfani da yankan yankan da ya dace kuma tabbatar da an daidaita lat ɗin). Yi amfani da tabarau na aminci da safar hannu yayin aiki tare da bridges da turɓaya da ƙura.

Ka Yi Koyi da Yadda Za Ka Yi

Kwarewa na aiki suna da mahimmanci don jarrabawar ASE A6. Kafa yanayin bita inda zaku iya yin gyaran brake na yau da kullun. Yi amfani da abin hawa ko tsayayyar horo tare da faifai da kuma damfara. Ku saba da kayan aikin bincike kamar kayan aikin bincike, masu nuni da matsi, micrometers (blade da dijital), alamomin nuna alama (magnetic base), brake lathes, da kayan aikin flare. Yi aiki da gyara matsalolin brake a hankali: duba, gwadawa, tabbatarwa, gyara, da sake gwadawa. Misali, lokacin da kake bincikar bugun bugun ƙafa, tabbatar da fitar da rotor, auna kauna kauna kauna kauna kauna kauna, da kuma duba tsabtace fuskar fuskar kafin maye gurbin rotor.

Ka mai da hankali ga waɗannan ayyuka masu muhimmanci:

  • ]Auna kaurin rotor da gudu tare da kayan aiki daidaidauki auna a wurare da yawa da kuma kwatanta ƙarancin kauri takamaiman.
  • Gwaji na ciki na ganga na ciki don taper, waje, da kuma iyakar girman girman amfani da ma'aunin giciye-hatch kuma kwatanta da iyakokin masana'anta.
  • Brakes braking ta amfani da akalla hanyoyi daban-daban guda biyu: manual, matsa lamba, injin injin, ko aikin duba kayan aiki don tsarin ABS.
  • Sauya wani caliper da kuma yadda ya kamata lubricating slide pins da silicone manassurance pins motsi da yardar kaina ba tare da ɗaure.
  • Sanya madaurin drum brakes daidaisaita daidaitawar ƙafafun taurari don haka drum yana da ɗan juriya, sannan baya 1012 dannawa don tsabtace daidai.
  • FLT:0]]Amfani da kayan aikin bincike don karanta lambobin ABS, duba bayanan rayuwa (manhajojin saurin ƙafa), da kuma yin gwaje-gwajen aiki (cikling na mai sarrafawa).

Ka rubuta lokacin da kake yin horo kuma ka lura da duk wani kuskure da ka yi. Idan za ka iya, ka yi aiki da mai koyarwa da zai iya ba da bayani game da yadda kake yin horo da kuma yadda kake yin gyara. Ka rubuta yadda kake gyara don ka san matakan da kake yawan tsallakewa ko kuma ka yi sauri.

Yin Kamar Binciken Aiki

Yi kwaikwayon gwajin ta hanyar ƙirƙirar yanayin da ke kwaikwayon matsalolin da ke faruwa a duniyar gaske. Misali, ka sa aboki ya saita "matsala" (misali, ƙananan motar motsa jiki daga kwarara, ko hasken ABS da ke kunna tare da kuskuren firikwensin saurin ƙafafun ƙafa) kuma ka ba da lokacin kanka don ganewa da gyara shi a cikin taga na minti 30. Bi tsari mai tsauri: aminci da farko (sa PPE, yi amfani da jack stands), sannan dubawa na gani (duba matakin ruwa, yanayin bututun, kauri), gwajin kayan aiki (gwajin matsin lamba, binciken kayan aikin bincike), da kuma gwajin hanya na ƙarshe (duba motsi na motar motsa jiki, amo, jan). Yi nazarin aikinka a hankali don tabbatar da cewa an cika ƙa'idodin inganci da aminci kafin ka matsa. Maimaita har sai ka iya kammala ayyuka yadda ya kamata kuma cikin iyakar lokaci. Yi aiki tare da abokin tarayya wanda zai iya aiki a matsayin mai gyara don ingantawa.

Shirye-shiryen Ranar Gwada

A ranar jarrabawa, ka zo da wuri tare da duk kayan aiki da kayan aikin da ake buƙata. Duba ka'idodin ASE don abin da aka ba ka izinin kawowa don gwajin aikiA al'ada, zaka iya kawo kayan aiki na hannu na asali (sockets, wrenches, screwdrivers, pliers, torque wrench), multimeter, kayan aikin bincike (idan an yarda), da kayan aikin aminci na mutum. Guji kawo wani abu da aka hana kamar wayoyi ko littattafan tunani. Yi barci mai kyau da dare kuma ku kasance mai ruwa. A lokacin gwajin da aka rubuta, karanta kowace tambaya a hankali; kawar da amsoshin da ba daidai ba a fili, sannan zaɓi zaɓi mafi kyawun zaɓi. Ka lura da kalmomi kamar "kowace lokaci", "ba za a taɓa yin la'akari da", ko "ya kamata" wanda zai iya canza ma'anar amincewa. Don ɓangaren aiki, karanta aikin aikin kafin taɓa motar. Fahimtar abin da ake tsammani.

Nasihu na Ƙarshe don Nasara

  • Yi nazarin duk kayan binciken a hankali kuma ka mai da hankali kan wuraren rauni ta hanyar yin gwajin gwaji.
  • Aikin aikin hannu a kai a kai. Aƙalla biyar cikakken gyara jerin rufe faifai, drum, da kuma ABS tsarin.
  • Yi gwajin gwaji na lokaci don gina sauri da daidaito don kwaikwayon ainihin yanayin gwajin.
  • ] Kasancewa cikin nutsuwa da mai da hankali yayin kowane ɓangare na gwajin numfashi mai zurfi yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa damuwa.
  • Ka tabbata kayan aikinka da sararin aiki sun shirya kafin ka fara kayan aikin saitin da za ka yi amfani da su.
  • Yi amfani da shafin yanar gizon ASE na ASE don sabunta abubuwan gwajin, kwanakin rajista, da duk wani canji ga ayyukan aiki.
  • Shiga cikin dandalin yanar gizo kamar na FLT:2 iATN ko na Reddit MechanicAdvice don yin tambayoyi da raba gogewa tare da sauran masu neman ASE.

Idan ka yi ƙoƙari sosai kuma ka yi ƙoƙari sosai, za ka iya yin nasara a gwajin ASE A6 Brake Systems.