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Jagorar Fasaha don Gwajin Tsarin Rage-Rage (ABS) don Takaddun shaida na ASE A6

Tsarin Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) ya canza lafiyar abin hawa ta hanyar ba wa direbobi ikon tuki yayin tsayawar gaggawa. Ga masu fasaha da ke bin takaddun ASE A6 (Tsarin lantarki / lantarki), masanin binciken binciken ABS ba zaɓi baneshi ne mahimmanci. Yayinda tsarin asali daga shekarun 1970 suka kasance masu ƙaranci kuma suna iya yin aiki da karya, na'urorin ABS na zamani suna haɗuwa sosai tare da kula da karfin wuta, kula da kwanciyar hankali, har ma da fasalin tuki mai zaman kansa. Wannan jagorar da aka faɗaɗa ya ƙunshi komai daga tsarin tushe zuwa fasahohin bincike na ci gaba, yana ba ku ilimin da za ku wuce gwajin A6 kuma ku yi gyaran gyare-gyare daidai a shagon.

Kafin ka shiga cikin gwaje-gwaje na musamman, ka tuna cewa ABS tsarin tsaro ne mai mahimmanci. Kuskuren da aka gano ba daidai ba ko gyara ba zai iya haifar da haɗari. Koyaushe bi bayanan sabis na masana'antun motar kuma yi amfani da hanyoyin da masana'antun suka ba da shawarar. Wannan labarin ya mai da hankali kan ka'idoji na yau da kullun waɗanda ke amfani da su a cikin yawancin dandamali, amma koyaushe tabbatar da takaddun takaddun motar.

Ƙididdigar ABS don A6 Fasaha

Babban aikin ABS shine hana kulle ƙafafun yayin yin braking mai nauyi. Lokacin da ƙafafun suka kulle, taya ta rasa riƙewar gefe, yana sa motar ba zai yiwu a tura ta ba. ABS yana daidaita matsin brake ga kowane ƙafa (ko nau'in ƙafafun) da kansa, yana ba da damar taya ta ci gaba da zamewa a cikin iyakar iyakar iyakar yawanci 10 zuwa 20 cikin ɗari zamewa don iyakar ƙarfin braking ba tare da rasa ikon motsawa ba.

Abubuwan ABS na asali

Kowane ABS na zamani ya ƙunshi waɗannan abubuwa masu muhimmanci:

  • FTL:0 Fassara na hanzari na ƙafafun (WSS) na magnetic ko Hall- sakamako na hanzari wanda ke lura da saurin juyawa a kowane ƙafa.
  • Kayan sarrafa lantarki (ECU) yana sarrafa bayanan firikwensin kuma yana umarnin mai sarrafa lantarki.
  • Hydraulic modulator (HCU) ya ƙunshi solenoids da famfo waɗanda zasu iya keɓewa, riƙewa, ko sakin matsin lamba zuwa keɓaɓɓun kewayon ƙafafun.
  • fitilar gargadi tana haskakawa a kan dash lokacin da tsarin ya gano kuskure ko yayin gwajin kai.
  • Pump da mai tarawa a kan tsarin da yawa, famfo na lantarki yana ginawa da kiyaye matsin lamba don saurin daidaitawa.

Abubuwan da aka saba gani a cikin jarrabawar A6

Kana bukatar ka gane manyan gine-gine guda uku:

  • An samo shi a kan manyan motoci masu nauyi da tsofaffin motoci. Wani firikwensin da bawul na mai sauyawa don kowane ƙafafun gaba, da bawul / firikwensin guda ɗaya don ƙafafun baya. Ana ɗaukar axle na baya azaman tashar ɗaya.
  • 4-channel, 4-sensor, mafi yawan amfani a cikin motocin fasinja na zamani. Kowane ƙafa yana da na'urar firikwensin kansa da kuma sarrafa lantarki mai zaman kanta.
  • FLT:0 2-channel, 2-sensor, da aka samu a yau, yawanci a kan kananan tattalin arziki motoci daga 1990s. Controls kawai da baya ƙafafun (sau da yawa tare da wani rabo bawul).

Fahimtar waɗannan saitunan yana da mahimmanci don magance matsala saboda ma'anar lambar kuskure da zane-zane na ƙarewa sun bambanta dangane da yawan tashoshi. jarrabawar ASE A6 za ta gwada ikon ku na fassara zane-zane na waya da kuma gano wane ɓangaren ya dace da wane tashar.

Tsarin gwajin ABS mataki-mataki

Gwajin tsarin ABS tsari ne mai ma'ana wanda ke farawa da mafi sauki dubawa kuma yana ci gaba zuwa ganewar asali na lantarki mai rikitarwa. Jerin da ke ƙasa ya nuna hanyar da aka ba da shawarar da FLT:ASE ta bayar don tsarin lantarki / lantarki: tabbatar da korafin, gudanar da dubawa na farko, dawo da lambobin kuskure, fassara bayanai, sannan kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na aiki.

1. Binciken gani na sassan da wayoyi

Kafin ka haɗa wani kayan gwaji, ka bincika tsarin da idanunka da hannunka.

  • Masu haɗa na'urar daukar hanzari na ƙafafun da suka lalace ko kuma suka lalace
  • Waya mai ƙwanƙwasawa ko lalacewa kusa da sassan rataye ko maɓuɓɓugan ƙafafun
  • Lines na lantarki masu gudana ko HCU mai ruwa (hydraulic control unit)
  • Lalacewar jiki ga zoben sautin (kwallon mai hanawa) zoben sautin da ya karye ko ya ɓace zai samar da siginar firikwensin da ba ta dace ba
  • Ƙarƙashin wuta ko narkewa a cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na ABS

Yawancin kuskuren ABS sun zama matsaloli masu sauƙi na wayoyi. Binciken gani na iya adana awanni na lokacin ganewar asali mara amfani. Hakanan bincika aikin fitilar gargaɗin ABS: ya kamata ya haskaka lokacin da aka kunna kunna kuma sannan ya kashe bayan 'yan sakan (gwajin kai). Idan fitilar ta kasance a kan ko ba ta taɓa kunnawa ba, fitilar ko kewayawa tana da shakku.

2. Yin amfani da Kayan Aiki don Neman Lambobin Laifi na ABS

Haɗa kayan aikin bincike na ƙwararru wanda ke tallafawa sadarwar ABS (OBD-II ba ya rufe lambobin ABS na musamman na masana'anta). Kewaya zuwa tsarin ABS kuma dawo da lambobin matsala da aka adana. Lambobin gama gari sun haɗa da:

  • C0035 Rashin aiki na siririn na'urar daukar hanzari na hagu na gaban ƙafafun
  • C0040 Tsarin na'urar daukar hanzari na gaban dama
  • C0045 Circuit na na'urar daukar hanzari na baya na hagu
  • C0050 Tsarin na'urar daukar hanzari na juyawa ta baya ta dama
  • C0110 Rashin aiki na motar famfo
  • C0121 Rashin aikin sake zagayowar bawul

Ka lura cewa ma'anar lambar ta bambanta tsakanin masana'antun. Koyaushe bincika ainihin lambar a cikin bayanan sabis. Bayan yin rikodin lambobin, share su kuma gudanar da gwajin hanya don ganin waɗanne suka dawoWannan yana taimakawa bambance-bambance tsakanin ɓarna mai rikitarwa da wuya.

3. Gwajin na'urar daukar hanzari na ƙafafun

Masu saurin saurin ƙafafun sune mafi yawan wuraren gazawar ABS. Suna iya yin kasawa saboda lalacewa, lalata, ko matsanancin rata ta iska. Hanyoyin gwaji sun haɗa da:

Ƙididdigar Ƙarfin Ƙarfin

Don masu ba da gudummawa (magnetic) na'urori masu auna sigina, cire haɗin na'urorin mai auna sigina kuma auna juriya a cikin fil ɗinsa biyu. Matsakaicin ƙimar ya kasance daga 800 ohms zuwa 2,500 ohms (duba takamaiman bayanai). Buɗewar buɗewa (ƙarfin juriya) ko gajere (ƙasa da 100 ohms) yana nuna mai ba da labari mara kyau. Don masu auna sigina masu aiki (Hall-effect), auna juriya ba abin dogaro baneYa kamata ku bincika fitar da sigina maimakon.

Fitar da ƙarfin AC (Sensors kawai)

Idan an cire na'urar, haɗa da na'urar mai ɗaukar hoto ta AC ta hanyar allon. Ka ɗaga motar kuma ka juya ƙafafun hannu a kusan juyawa ɗaya a cikin dakika. Ya kamata ka ga aƙalla 0.5 zuwa 1.0 volts AC. Voltage zai ƙaru da saurin ƙafafun. Babu fitarwa ko ƙananan fitarwa yana nuna matsalar na'urar mai ɗaukar hoto, ɓacewar haƙoran zoben zoben ringi, ko matsanancin ƙarancin iska.

Tsarin Oxycilloscope

Don ganewar asali mai tsanani, yi amfani da ƙirar dakin gwaje-gwaje don ganin nau'in raƙuman ruwa na na'urar. A sanannen na'urar daukar hoto mai aiki yana samar da madaidaicin raƙuman ruwa mai laushi wanda amplitude da kuma mita ke ƙaruwa tare da saurin. Rashin haƙori ko lalacewar ƙafafun reluctor zai haifar da rata ko karkatarwa a cikin nau'in raƙuman ruwa. Don na'urorin daukar hoto masu aiki, zaku ga siginar murabba'i (digital). Wannan gwajin yana da mahimmanci musamman ga motocin da ke da tarihin kunna ABS na lokaci-lokaci.

4. Mai sarrafawa na hydraulic da gwajin matsa lamba

Bayan ka tabbatar da cewa kayan lantarki suna da kyau, kana iya gwada sashin na'ura mai aiki da ruwa. Wannan ya fi haɗari kuma yana bukatar ka yi hankali domin ruwan da ke cikin kwanon rufi yana da lalata kuma tsarin da ke da matsin lamba mai girma zai iya yin fesa ruwa.

Tsarin zubar da jini na yau da kullun ba ya shafi tsarin ABS. Yawancin suna buƙatar kayan aikin bincike don sake zagayowar bawul da famfo yayin zubar da jini. Gwajin matsin lamba na hydraulic yana haɗa da haɗa masu nuni na matsin lamba zuwa maƙallan zubar da jini na ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙu kuma auna matsin lamba da mai daidaitawa zai iya samarwa. Kwatanta karatun zuwa ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Idan tashar ɗaya ta samar da matsin lamba ƙasa da sauran, kuna tsammanin tsayayyen solenoid ko toshe bawul.

Wani gwaji: tare da kunnawa da kuma kashe injin, sauraron famfon ABS yana gudana yayin gwajin farko. Idan famfon yayi shiru, bincika ƙarfin kuma ya tsaya a mahaɗin motar famfon.

5. Gwajin hanya don lura da ABS kunnawa

Gwajin hanya a ƙarƙashin yanayin sarrafawa shine kawai hanyar tabbatar da cewa ABS yana kunna yadda ya kamata. Nemo amintacce, buɗe yanki tare da ƙasa mai ƙarancin gogewa (ƙaya, ƙura mai laushi, ko dusar ƙanƙara yana da kyau amma ba koyaushe ake samu ba). Yi hanzari zuwa kusan 30 mph (48 km / h) kuma yi amfani da ƙarfi, matsin lamba mai ƙarfi har sai motar ta tsaya gaba ɗaya ba tare da barin ƙafafun su kulle ba. Ya kamata ku ji saurin bugun jini a cikin pedal ɗin birki kuma ku ji motar ABS tana motsawa. Ya kamata motar ta kasance mai daidaito da madaidaiciya.

Idan ABS ya fara aiki da wuri (ƙwanƙwasawa a cikin ƙananan ƙwanƙwasawa) ko kuma ya kasa aiki (ƙwanƙwasa ƙafafun kuma famfon ba ya gudana), lura da yanayin kuma koma shagon don ƙarin bincike. Kada ku yi tsayawa mai wuya a kan bushewar ƙasawannan zai iya yin ɗumi da tsarin ƙwanƙwasawa da lalata taya.

Ƙarfafa Hannuwar Hannu: Ƙarfafa Hannuwar Hannu

Don ASE A6 takardar shaida, kana bukatar ka san abin da za ka yi a lokacin da ba a sami lambobin kuskure ko kuma idan korafin yana da lokaci-lokaci.

Nazarin Bayanai

Yi amfani da kayan aikin bincike wanda ke ba da bayanan rayuwa daga ECU na ABS. Sigogin da za a saka idanu sun haɗa da saurin ƙafafun mutum, yanayin sauya wutan, yanayin bawul na solenoid, da kuma ƙarfin motar famfo. Kwatanta saurin ƙafa yayin tuki madaidaiciyaduk hudu yakamata su kasance kusan iri ɗaya (a cikin 2 mph). Saurin ƙafafun da ke karantawa ƙasa da ƙasa ko mafi girma fiye da sauran yana nuna matsala ta firikwensin ko zoben sautin, koda ba tare da lambar ba.

Tsarin na'urar daukar hotan takardu tare da mai samar da sigina

Wasu masu fasaha suna amfani da janareta na aiki don yin amfani da siginar saurin ƙafafun da aka kwaikwaya a cikin ECU na ABS yayin da motar ta tsaya. Wannan yana ba ka damar tabbatar da cewa ECU ta amsa daidai kuma cewa mai sarrafawa na lantarki ya kunna. Wannan fasaha tana da amfani musamman don gano ECUs da suka gaza a ciki.

Gwajin Rage-Rage a kan Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin

Ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki na iya haifar da rashin aiki na ABS a lokaci-lokaci. Auna ƙarfin lantarki a mahaɗin ABS ECU tare da tsarin da aka kunna da kuma famfo yana gudana. Duk wani faduwa a ƙasa da 12.0 volts (tare da batirin a cikin kwanciyar hankali a kusa da 12.6V) yana da tabbas. Bincika layin ƙasa don lalata ko haɗin da ba a iya ba. Yawancin lambobin ABS "fantastic" a zahiri ana haifar da ƙasa mara kyau.

Tsarin daidaitawa da kuma gyara na baya

Tsarin ABS na zamani suna buƙatar daidaitawa bayan wasu gyare-gyare.

  • Sauyawar firikwensin saurin ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafa
  • Sanar da na'urar daukar hoto ta kusurwar tuki wajibi ne bayan maye gurbin na'urar daukar hoto, ginshiƙin tuki, ko kuma tsarin ABS. Motoci da yawa suna buƙatar mai duba don yin daidaitaccen sifili yayin da aka daidaita motar.
  • Recalibration na firikwensin matsin lamba na brake akan motoci tare da kula da yaw, dole ne a sake daidaita firikwensin matsin lamba bayan maye gurbin modulator.
  • Matsalar taya da kewaye da shi motoci tare da saka idanu kan matsin taya da ABS suna dogara ne akan kwatancen saurin ƙafa. Idan taya ba ta dace ba (girma daban-daban ko matsin lamba), ABS na iya saita lambar haɗin haɗin halayen saurin.

Koyaushe duba littafin sabis don cikakken tsarin daidaitawa. Tsallake wannan matakin na iya haifar da maimaita lalacewa ko kuma abokin ciniki ya koka game da fitilar gargadi mai haske.

Tambayoyi na Common ASE A6 Test Tambayoyi akan ABS

Don shirya jarrabawa, ka mai da hankali ga waɗannan batutuwa na tambaya:

  • Fassarar zane-zane na waya don gano ABS fuse, reluwe, da kuma wuraren ƙasa.
  • Gano wurin da ya dace don ECU ABS mai tashar 4
  • Gano bambanci tsakanin matsalar inji (misali, ɗaukar ƙafafun da aka kama wanda ke haifar da lalacewar zoben sautin) da matsalar lantarki (misali, buɗe keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓa
  • Sanin lokacin da za a yi amfani da na'urar duba lab da na'urar duba.
  • Fahimtar jerin gwajin ABS (fitila, famfo, bawuloli).

Shafin yanar gizon FLT:0 Brake & Front End yana ba da ƙarin nasihu na yau da kullun don binciken ABS wanda ya dace da manufofin A6. Wani kyakkyawan kayan aiki shine takaddun SAE na duniya kan ƙirar tsarin ABS da gwaji, kodayake sun fi cikakkun bayanai fiye da yadda gwajin ya buƙaci.

Ka'idojin Tsaro A Lokacin Gwajin ABS

Yin aiki tare da brakes na anti-lock yana nufin tsarin lantarki mai matsin lamba da lantarki mai mahimmanci.

  • A wasu motoci, mai karɓar wutar lantarki yana riƙe da matsin lamba sama da 2,000 psi saki shi ta amfani da kayan aikin bincike ko ta hanyar famfo na brake 2030 sau tare da kashe wuta.
  • Yi amfani da kayan aikin bincike wanda ke tallafawa abin hawa; kayan aikin OBD-II na yau da kullum ba su sadarwa tare da kayayyakin ABS a yawancin kayayyaki.
  • Kada ka taɓa amfani da ƙarfin batir kai tsaye zuwa motar ABS ko motar famfo ba tare da sanin ƙarancin ba.
  • Ka tsabtace wurin aiki; ƙura zai iya shiga cikin ruwan da ke ragewa kuma ya lalata bawul ɗin mai gyarawa.
  • Bi duk faɗakarwar masana'anta game da sarrafa ruwan brake (DOT 3/4/5.1 suna da hygroscopic kuma suna iya lalata fenti).

Ƙarshen

Gwajin ABS haɗuwa ne da dubawa na inji, auna lantarki, da tabbatar da aiki. Don takardar shaidar ASE A6, dole ne ku kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali tare da ƙa'idodin ka'idar da kuma hanyoyin da aka bayyana a sama. Fara da cikakken dubawa na gani, yi amfani da kayan aikin bincike don karanta lambobin da bayanan rayuwa, gwada fitarwa na firikwensin tare da multimeter ko kewayon, kuma ƙare da gwajin hanya. Ci gaba da bincike kamar na'urar kwaikwayo ta sigina da gwajin sauke ƙarfin lantarki zai taimaka muku magance matsalolin da ke damun masu fasaha da yawa.

Ka tuna cewa an tsara tsarin ABS don zama abin dogaro, amma ba su da kariya ga lalacewar lalacewa, lalata, da lalacewar wayoyi da suka shafi shekaru. Ta bin tsarin tsarin, zaku iya gano asalinsa cikin sauri da daidai. Ci gaba da koyo ta hanyar albarkatu kamar kayan shirye-shiryen gwaji na kanku na FLT:ASE zai kiyaye ƙwarewar ku da kuma taimaka muku samun takardar shaidar A6.

Masanin binciken ABS ba kawai yana taimaka maka ka wuce jarrabawa ba, yana sa ka zama mai fasaha mai aminci da ƙwarewa. Kowane ganewar asali da gyara daidai suna taimakawa wajen ƙwarewar motar ta tsayawa cikin aminci a cikin gaggawa, wanda zai iya ceton rayuka. Wannan shine ainihin dalilin da ke bayan duk kayan aikin gwaji da hanyoyin.